Social Security in Finland
Understanding benefits, entitlements, and responsibilities as a resident or entrepreneur.
Social Security System Overview
Finland's social security system provides a strong safety net for residents through Kela, the Social Insurance Institution. Kela offers benefits such as health reimbursements, family aid, housing support, and unemployment security. However, if you're self-employed, you also need to manage your own pension and social protection through YEL insurance, which is legally required and not handled by Kela. Understanding how these systems work together—and where their responsibilities end—is key to accessing your full entitlements.
Health Insurance and the Kela Card
When you register in Finland and become eligible for residence-based social security, you can apply for a Kela card. The card simplifies appointments and billing at pharmacies, public health centers, and private clinics offering Kela-covered services.
Family Benefits
Kela offers robust family support regardless of nationality, as long as you're covered by the Finnish social security system.
YEL Insurance for Entrepreneurs
If you're self-employed in Finland, you must arrange your own pension insurance under the Self-Employed Persons' Pensions Act (YEL). This is not handled by Kela, but by private pension insurance providers (known as TyEL companies).
Other Social Security Benefits
Kela also provides access to additional support through the Finnish system.
Practical Steps and Considerations
Essential steps and factors to consider for maximizing your social security benefits in Finland.